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''Elaeagnus commutata'' (American silverberry or Wolf-willow), is a species of ''Elaeagnus'' native to western and boreal North America, from southern Alaska through British Columbia east to Quebec, south to Utah, and across the upper Midwestern United States to South Dakota and western Minnesota.〔Germplasm Resources Information Network: (''Elaeagnus commutata'' )〕〔http://www.bonap.org/BONAPmaps2010/Elaeagnus.html〕 It typically grows on dry to moist sandy and gravel soils in steppes, meadows or woodland edges.〔Plants of British Columbia: (''Elaeagnus commutata'' )〕 These plants are shrubs or small trees growing to 1–4 m tall. The leaves are broad lanceolate, 2–7 cm long, silvery on both sides with dense small white scales. The fragrant flowers are yellow, with a four-lobed corolla 6–14 mm long. The fruits are ovoid drupes 9–12 mm long, also covered in silvery scales. The fruit pulp is floury in texture, and surrounds the single seed.〔 The species is cultivated as an ornamental plant for its silvery foliage. Both the fruit and seeds of this plant are edible either cooked or raw. The fruit is very astringent unless it is fully ripe. The fruit is a very rich source of vitamins and minerals especially A, C and E. As well it is a fairly good source of essential fatty acids. These fats are rarely found in fruits.〔http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Elaeagnus+commutata 〕 This plant is a member of the olive tree family and like legumes, able to fix nitrogen. When grown in orchards as a companion plant, it has been documented to increase fruit production by ten percent. Traditionally the fibrous bark of this tree has been twisted to make strong ropes, and woven into clothing and blankets 〔http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Elaeagnus+commutata〕 Sharp tailed grouse and songbirds eat the fruits.〔A Field Guide to Western Trees: Western United States and Canada George A. Petrides 〕This plant is a food source for sharp tailed grouse in the winter.〔http://www.ab-conservation.com/go/default/assets/File/Publications/Brochures/albertaSharptailedGrouseBrochure.pdf〕 Silverberry is an important food for wildlife and it provides over on quarter of the diet for moose during winter in Montana. It also provides food for deer and elk. It provides cover and nesting sites for mallards and many passerine birds in North Dakota〔http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/elacom/all.html#4〕 "In rough fescue grasslands, silverberry at 1,000 stems per acre increases forage production." 〔Bailey, Arthur W. 1970. Barrier effect of the shrub Elaeagnus commutata on grazing cattle and forage production in central Alberta. Journal of Range Management. 23(4): 248-251. ()〕 ==References== http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Elaeagnus+commutata Image:Elaeagnus commutata USDA1.jpg|Foliage Image:Elaeagnus commutata USDA2.jpg|Fruit Image:Elaeagnus-commutata-total.JPG|Foliage 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Elaeagnus commutata」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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